Everything about Hormogonium totally explained
Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some
cyanobacteria in the family
Nostoceae.
Cyanobacteria differentiate into hormogonia when exposed to an environmental stress or when placed in new media.
Hormogonium differentiation is crucial for the development of
nitrogen-fixing plant cyanobacteria symbioses, in particular that between cyanobacteria of the genus
Nostoc and their
hosts. In response to a
hormogonium-inducing factor (HIF) secreted by plant hosts, cyanobacterial symbionts differentiate into hormogonia and then dedifferentiate back into vegetative cells after about 96 hours. Hopefully, they've managed to reach the plant host by this time. The bacteria then differentiate specialized nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts and enter into a working symbiosis with the plant.
Depending on species, Hormogonia can be many hundreds of micrometers in length and can travel as fast as 11 μm/s. They move via
gliding motility, requiring a wet-able surface or a viscous substrate, such as
agar for motion.
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